Diet Loss Plan Sample Weight
Diet Loss Plan Sample Weight
The Atkins diet , officially called the Atkins Nutritional Approach , is a low-carbohydrate diet created by Dr Robert Atkins from a diet he read in the Journal of the American Medical Association and used to resolve his own overweight condition. He later popularized the Atkins diet in a series of books, starting with Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution in 1972. In his revised book, Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution , he modified or changed parts of the diet but remained faithful to the original concepts.
Atkins franchise, a business formed to provide products to those individuals on the diet, was highly successful because of the popularity of the diet, and is considered the driving entity of the larger "low-carb craze" during the early millennium. However its success dwindled and Atkins Nutritionals of Ronkonkoma, New York, the company founded by Dr. Atkins in 1989, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in January 2005, two years after his death. The company re-emerged in January 2006, and the Atkins logo is still highly visible through licensed-proprietary branding for food products and related merchandise.
Nature of the diet
The Atkins Diet is a departure from the previously prevailing metabolic theories. Atkins said that there are important unrecognized factors in Western eating habits leading to obesity. Primarily, he believed that the main cause of obesity is eating refined carbohydrates, particularly sugar, flour, and high-fructose corn syrups.
The Atkins Diet involves restriction of carbohydrates to more frequently switch the body's metabolism from burning glucose as fuel to burning stored body fat. This process, called ketosis , begins when insulin levels are low; in normal humans, insulin is lowest when blood glucose levels are low (mostly before eating). Ketosis lipolysis occurs when some of the lipid stores in fat cells are transferred to the blood and are thereby used for energy. On the other hand, caloric carbohydrates (e.g., glucose or starch, the latter made of chains of glucose) impact the body by increasing blood sugar after consumption. ref>Carbohydrate Counting.</ref> Lastly, because of fiber's low digestibility, it provides little or no food energy and does not significantly impact glucose and insulin levels.
In his book Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution , Dr. Atkins made the controversial argument that the low-carbohydrate diet produces a metabolic advantage in which the body burns more calories, overall, than on normal diets, and also expels some unused calories. He cited one study where he estimated this advantage to be 950 calories (4.0 MJ) a day. However, a review study published in the Lancet concluded that there was no such metabolic advantage and dieters were simply eating fewer calories because of boredom. Professor Astrup stated, "The monotony and simplicity of the diet could inhibit appetite and food intake".
The Atkins Diet restricts "net carbs" (digestible carbohydrates that impact blood sugar). One effect is a tendency to decrease the onset of hunger, perhaps because of longer duration of digestion (fats and proteins take longer to digest than carbohydrates). Dr. Atkins says in Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution (2002) that hunger is the number one reason why low-fat diets fail. Although studies show the efficacy of the Atkins approach after one year is the same as some low-fat diets, it was easier, according to Atkins, to stay on the diet because low-fat dieters "were often hungry and always felt deprived" .
Net carbohydrates can be calculated from a food source by subtracting fiber and sugar alcohols (which are shown to have a smaller effect on blood sugar levels) from total carbohydrates. Sugar alcohols contain about two calories per gram, and the American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetics count each gram as half a gram of carbohydrate. Fructose (e.g., as found in many industrial sweeteners) has four calories per gram, although it has a very low glycemic index and does not cause insulin production, probably because β cells have low levels of GLUT5.
Preferred foods in all categories are whole, unprocessed foods with a low glycemic index, although restrictions for low glycemic carbohydrates (blackrice, vegetables, etc.) are the same as those for high glycemic carbohydrates (sugar, white bread). Atkins Nutritionals, the company formed to market foods which work with the Atkins Diet, recommends that no more than 20% of calories eaten while on the diet come from saturated fat.
According to the book Atkins Diabetes Revolution , for people whose blood sugar is abnormally high or who have Type 2 diabetes mellitus, this diet decreases or eliminates the need for drugs to treat these conditions. The Atkins Blood Sugar Control Program (ABSCP) is an individualized approach to weight control and permanent management of the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the causes of Type 2 diabetes remain obscure, and the Atkins Diet is not accepted in conventional therapy for diabetes.
Ketogenic diet
The induction phase of the Atkins diet is a ketogenic diet. In ketogenic diets there is production of ketones that contribute to the energy production in the Krebs cycle. Ketogenic diets rely on the insulin response to blood glucose. Since, in ketogenic diets, dieters do not eat carbohydrates, there is no glucose that can trigger the insulin response. When there is no glucose-insulin response there are some hormonal changes that cause the stored fat to be used for energy. Blood glucose levels have to decrease to less than 3.58 mmol/L for growth hormone, epinephrine, and glucagon to be released to maintain energy metabolism. In the adipose cells, growth hormone and epinephrine initiate the triacylglycerol to be broken down to fatty acids. These fatty acids go to the liver and muscle where they should be oxidized and give acetyl-CoA that enters the Krebs cycle directly. However, the excess acetyl-CoA in the liver is converted to ketones (ketone bodies), that are transported to other tissues. In these tissues they are converted back into acetyl-CoA in order to enter the Krebs cycle. Glucagon is produced when blood glucose is too low, and it causes the liver to start breaking glycogen into glucose. Since the dieter does not eat any more carbohydrates, there is no glycogen in the liver to be broken down, so the liver converts fats into free fatty acids and ketone bodies, and this process is called ketosis. Because of this, the body is forced to use fats as a primary fuel source, and that is why Atkins is a ketogenic diet.
Main risks and benefits
The risks and benefits of the Atkins diet remain a subject of much debate. Whereas many studies have shown that the Atkins diet helps prevent cardiovascular disease, lowers the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increases the amount of HDL cholesterol, other studies state that the diet contributes to cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, osteoporosis, and kidney stones.
Cholesterol
According to Harper (2004) in a year long study, the concentration of HDL cholesterol increased, and insulin resistance improved much more in dieters following the Atkins diet than in those following a low fat, calorie restricted diet. Harper also mentions that there had not been enough prior research to allow him to confidently say that Atkins is safe to be recommended to patients. However, as Barnett et al. reported in 2009, some later studies have yielded opposite results: cholesterol levels have increased in almost one third of dieters using low-carbohydrate diets, like Atkins, and since then two cardiac deaths have been reported, one due to coronary heart disease, and the other due to arrhythmia.
Methylglyoxal
A 2005 study by Beisswenger and colleagues compared levels of the glycotoxin methylglyoxal (MG) before and after starting the Atkins diet. MG is associated with blood vessel and tissue damage, and is higher in people with poorly controlled diabetes. The study found that MG levels doubled shortly after the diet was started, noting that the MG rise was related to the presence of ketosis. A rise in acetol and acetone was found, indicating that MG was produced by oxidation. MG also arose as a by-product of triglyceride breakdown and from lipoxidation (ketosis related to fat intake).
Other
High protein diets can cause the loss of calcium and a lowering in urinary citrate levels, which may lead to osteoporosis and kidney stones (Ornish,2004). Ketone bodies are excreted in urine with cations to neutralize the charge, so the body is losing essential cation minerals such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium, which in one case led to the death of a sixteen-year-old girl. She died from ventricular fibrillation arrest two weeks after starting a high protein-low carbohydrate diet. During resuscitation attempts she had hypokalemia (lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood) and also hypocalcemia (lower than normal amount of calcium in the blood) Ornish also wrote that the Atkins diet leads to constipation in 70% of the subjects, 65% had halitosis (bad breath due to exhaled ketones), 54% were experiencing headaches, and 10% reported hearing loss.
See also controversies.
The four phases
There are four phases of the Atkins diet: induction, ongoing weight loss, pre-maintenance and lifetime maintenance.
Induction
Lunch Box Diet - Fast Weight Loss Diet Plan 2010 | Home
Free Diet Plan Book Sample; New Motivation Ebook! Credit Crunch Diet; What's Your ... Diabetes Diet; Free Food Diary; Break Your Weight Loss Plateau; Simon. Personal Trainer Exeter - Simon Lovell
healthy weight loss diet plan - weight loss program, heart healthy ...
Heart Healthy Meal Plan (1500 Calorie) Non Low Carb - Healthy Weight Loss Diet Plan ... Here is a sample healthy low fat meal plan (1517 calories).
Weight Loss Program
FREE Diet Profile Sample Meal Plan Success Stories ... The eDiets Weight Loss meal plan is a generally healthy meal plan. If you ...
High Fibre Diet Plan Sample Menu
A typical day's food on a high fibre diet plan. ... Take a Free Trial. WLR's Online Food and Exercise diaries can help you lose weight.
Protein Shakes, Protein Drinks, Diet Shakes, Weight Loss Shakes
FREE Sample Pak Offer On Sale! Shop By Food Type Diet/Weight Loss Low Carb Kosher Sugar Free: TOP CATEGORIES: Diet Plan ... Achieve your health and weight loss ...
Free Atkins Recipes | weight loss diet plan | Low Carb Recipes | Diet ...
Learn more about the Atkins weight loss diet plan ... We provide you with sample resources in order to help you to achieve your weight goals. Following a diet plan will initially ...
Diet Plans and Weight Loss Programs - Free Diet Plan Sample
Weight loss diets, diet plans, diet programs and healthy diets designed by a dietitian.
Diet, healthy eating, weight loss, Tesco Diets, MSN Life and Style ...
Collette: 12st 5lbs loss! My diet is much healthier now, I ... What is the right plan for you to lose weight - and keep it off ... Sample meal plans. Find out what our meal plans are ...
Weight Loss Diets, Protein Diet Foods, Liquid Protein Diet, Weight ...
Diet Plan WonderSlim Starter-Kits ... larger orders. -FREE Samples Pak with any order over $49. We are committed to providing you with the very best diet products for your weight loss ...
Rapid Weight Loss Diet | Weight Loss for Indians | Lose Weight Fast ...
View Sample Diet : Can't find Diets suited for Indians and Vegetarians? Do you lose ... We have combined Indian taste with Science to bring you The Weight Loss Diet Plan!
